Annotated Bibliography
Andrews, B., Brewin, C. R., Philpott, R., & Stewart, L. (2007). Delayed-onset post traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1319-26. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview /220468915?accountid=28644
Since the diagnosis of delayed-onset post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was introduced, there has been controversy over its prevalence and even its existence. The authors sought to resolve findings concerning the prevalence of delayed-onset PTSD by conducting a systematic review of the evidence. A literature search was conducted for case reports and group studies with adequate measurement of delayed-onset PTSD. Studies that met inclusion criteria were examined for the defined length of delay for delayed-onset PTSD, presence of symptoms before full diagnostic criteria were met, length of follow-up, prevalence estimates, and other variables. Studies were also examined for differences between immediate-onset PTSD, delayed-onset PTSD, and no-PTSD cases. Studies consistently showed that delayed-onset PTSD in the absence of any prior symptoms was rare, whereas delayed onsets that represented reactivations of prior symptoms accounted on average for 38.2% and 15.3%, respectively, of military and civilian cases of PTSD. Little is known about what distinguishes the delayed-onset and immediate-onset forms of the disorder. Continuing scientific study of delayed-onset PTSD would benefit if future editions of DSM were to adopt a definition that explicitly accepts the likelihood of at least some prior symptoms.
Brown, C. (2015, January). Agencies need to do more for cops in serious trouble:Officer Tiger's death is a wake up call. American Police Beat, 22(1), 22.
This is an article from the American Police Beat monthly magazine publication. The article tells the story of Phoenix Police Officer Craig Tiger and his officer involved shooting that lead to his problems with alcohol and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Tiger had nightmares and depression over the critical incident. He set off to take his own life but was arrested for drunk driving before he could do so. Tiger asked the Phoenix Police department for help and it fell on deaf ears. Tiger was eventually fired from the department and took his own life. The source is a very informative from the founder of American Police Beat magazine. Brown also wrote the book Brave Hearts: Extraordinary Stories of Pride, Pain and Courage. The incident with officer Tiger will assist in telling a story that is common in police work, but seldom told.
Dias, L. (2011). Human resource management. Saylor.org/books. ISBN 13: 978-1-4533194- 3-7. Downloaded Jan. 9, 2014 from https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=71
The writing style of this book is very clear. There are no large words that the reader cannot understand. The book is for practical focus on Human Resources for large and small businesses. Chapter 13 applies to the areas of employee safety and health. The area of my research for my paper will not be for physical injuries, but the mental issues and injuries that officers face every day and how management can get them help in the right areas.
Glenn, S. (2011, Jul 21). Former lakewood police officer says PTSD caused cruiser crash. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/878411425?accountid=28644
Adam Leonard is a former Lakewood (WA) Police Officer that was on the same squad of four (4) officers that were killed in a coffee shop one morning as they briefed and completed reports. Leonard did not go to the coffee shop that morning. Leonard has been unable to deal with the facts that he was not with his fellow co-workers that morning. Leonard struggles from nightmares and struggles with grief, stress and PTSD related delusions. Because of his condition, Leonard was forced to resign from the police force. The reading tells another story of an officer who had psychological issues from a traumatic incident while he was working. Too many times, management takes the approach that if you are not directly involved in a critical incident, you are not going to be affected by it. This is another situation where officers need help with critical incidents.
Gurman, S. (2014, May 16). Police unions push for medical coverage of PTSD. Spartanburg Herald - Journal Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1525795888?accountid=28644
The web article covers area of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that police officers face across the United States. The unions that represent these officers are pushing for the workers that are affected by PTSD to be able to collect workers’ compensation benefits. the officers should be covered by worker’s compensation whether their PTSD is caused from the general stress of the job or if they were involved in a major critical incident (ie, deadly shooting rampage). The source shows the importance of the representing unions being able to collectively bargain with the cities over much needed benefits that are job related.
Hayward, M. (2013, Oct 20). PTSD sidelines first-responder to shooting of Manchester police officer. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1443173459?accountid=28644
Myles Webster shot Manchester (NH) Police Officer Dan Doherty. Doherty did not die as a result of the shooting. Officer Eric Beland was one of the first three (3) officers to arrive on scene and worked to keep Doherty alive. Beland thought nothing of the incident and returned to work to assist in the investigation. Beland’s mental well being began to diminish and he had nightmares of Doherty being shot. Beland’s PTSD symptoms caused him to retire from the job after twenty-two (22) years. The author tells of the critical incident that a responding officer arrives on and how PTSD affected that officer.
Holbrook, M. I. (2009). Police officers: The relationship of stoicism to symptoms of PTSD (Order No. 3399313). Available From ProQuest Criminal Justice. (305170229). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/305170229?accountid=28644
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between stoicism and the manifestation of post traumatic symptoms in police. Using three surveys to measure stoicism, social support, and symptoms of post traumatic stress, and with police cadets acting as the no-exposure group and police veterans acting as the exposed group, this investigation helps to refine the extant literature on occupational health problems in police. The survey and demographic data were analyzed using correlational and regression methods. Findings indicated that stoicism was associated with gender but not age and education levels.
Maki, J. (2012, May 25). Retired fireman shares experiences with 9/11 and PTSD. McClatchy -Tribune Business News Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015721452?accountid=28644
Steve Kanarian is a retired New York Fireman that is now retired. He was an emergency services provided for the FDNY on September 11, 2001. Kanarian never believed in PTSD before that day. Kanarian worked at the site of the World Trade Centers for three (3) straight days and all the rescue workers believed they were going to lift large pieces of metal and find survivors. Maki tells how the whole city and country were stressed because of the attacks on the World Trade Center and across the country. The author tells of how the emergency workers in New York were affected by hundreds of their own dying when the buildings collapsed. This will give insight as to what the affects that 9/11 had on rescue workers and their efforts to locate survivors of their own professons.
Sweeney, A. (2013, Sep 20). Chicago police officer with PTSD struggles to find treatment. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1433945460?accountid=28644
Chicago Police officer Brian Warner and his partner had went on a routine call to arrest a panhandler. Warner’s partner searched the man and missed a gun that he had under multiple layers of clothing. The man opened fire on the two officers from the backseat of the squad car. Warner and his partner shot and killed the panhandler. Warner and his partner were debriefed and returned to work. Warner began having nightmares and drinking heavily. Warner was not treated for his PTSD for fifteen months after the incident. The author shows how another big city police department does not recognize that officers suffer psychological issues after critical incidents and they are just placed right back to work.
Post-traumatic stress disorders; burden of full & subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the world trade center disaster. (2012). Mental Health Business Week,5. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020319408?accountid=28644
This study showed that police responders of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center suffered from PTSD. The rate of subsyndromal PTSD was nearly 3 times greater, suggesting that one (1) in five (5) police officers exposed to WTC rescue and recovery have clinically significant WTC-related PTSD symptoms. There is a perceived need for mental health care for these officers/responders.
Post-traumatic stress disorders; stress response predictor in police officers may indicate those at high risk for PTSD. (2011). Psychology & Psychiatry Journal, , 212. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/909432425?accountid=28644
This is a study for potential indicators in determining when people may have stress symptoms in the future. There have been few studies on acute stress and PTSD. The findings of the study may assist professionals in who is at greater risk to suffer from PTSD in the future.
Andrews, B., Brewin, C. R., Philpott, R., & Stewart, L. (2007). Delayed-onset post traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1319-26. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview /220468915?accountid=28644
Since the diagnosis of delayed-onset post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was introduced, there has been controversy over its prevalence and even its existence. The authors sought to resolve findings concerning the prevalence of delayed-onset PTSD by conducting a systematic review of the evidence. A literature search was conducted for case reports and group studies with adequate measurement of delayed-onset PTSD. Studies that met inclusion criteria were examined for the defined length of delay for delayed-onset PTSD, presence of symptoms before full diagnostic criteria were met, length of follow-up, prevalence estimates, and other variables. Studies were also examined for differences between immediate-onset PTSD, delayed-onset PTSD, and no-PTSD cases. Studies consistently showed that delayed-onset PTSD in the absence of any prior symptoms was rare, whereas delayed onsets that represented reactivations of prior symptoms accounted on average for 38.2% and 15.3%, respectively, of military and civilian cases of PTSD. Little is known about what distinguishes the delayed-onset and immediate-onset forms of the disorder. Continuing scientific study of delayed-onset PTSD would benefit if future editions of DSM were to adopt a definition that explicitly accepts the likelihood of at least some prior symptoms.
Brown, C. (2015, January). Agencies need to do more for cops in serious trouble:Officer Tiger's death is a wake up call. American Police Beat, 22(1), 22.
This is an article from the American Police Beat monthly magazine publication. The article tells the story of Phoenix Police Officer Craig Tiger and his officer involved shooting that lead to his problems with alcohol and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Tiger had nightmares and depression over the critical incident. He set off to take his own life but was arrested for drunk driving before he could do so. Tiger asked the Phoenix Police department for help and it fell on deaf ears. Tiger was eventually fired from the department and took his own life. The source is a very informative from the founder of American Police Beat magazine. Brown also wrote the book Brave Hearts: Extraordinary Stories of Pride, Pain and Courage. The incident with officer Tiger will assist in telling a story that is common in police work, but seldom told.
Dias, L. (2011). Human resource management. Saylor.org/books. ISBN 13: 978-1-4533194- 3-7. Downloaded Jan. 9, 2014 from https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=71
The writing style of this book is very clear. There are no large words that the reader cannot understand. The book is for practical focus on Human Resources for large and small businesses. Chapter 13 applies to the areas of employee safety and health. The area of my research for my paper will not be for physical injuries, but the mental issues and injuries that officers face every day and how management can get them help in the right areas.
Glenn, S. (2011, Jul 21). Former lakewood police officer says PTSD caused cruiser crash. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/878411425?accountid=28644
Adam Leonard is a former Lakewood (WA) Police Officer that was on the same squad of four (4) officers that were killed in a coffee shop one morning as they briefed and completed reports. Leonard did not go to the coffee shop that morning. Leonard has been unable to deal with the facts that he was not with his fellow co-workers that morning. Leonard struggles from nightmares and struggles with grief, stress and PTSD related delusions. Because of his condition, Leonard was forced to resign from the police force. The reading tells another story of an officer who had psychological issues from a traumatic incident while he was working. Too many times, management takes the approach that if you are not directly involved in a critical incident, you are not going to be affected by it. This is another situation where officers need help with critical incidents.
Gurman, S. (2014, May 16). Police unions push for medical coverage of PTSD. Spartanburg Herald - Journal Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1525795888?accountid=28644
The web article covers area of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that police officers face across the United States. The unions that represent these officers are pushing for the workers that are affected by PTSD to be able to collect workers’ compensation benefits. the officers should be covered by worker’s compensation whether their PTSD is caused from the general stress of the job or if they were involved in a major critical incident (ie, deadly shooting rampage). The source shows the importance of the representing unions being able to collectively bargain with the cities over much needed benefits that are job related.
Hayward, M. (2013, Oct 20). PTSD sidelines first-responder to shooting of Manchester police officer. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1443173459?accountid=28644
Myles Webster shot Manchester (NH) Police Officer Dan Doherty. Doherty did not die as a result of the shooting. Officer Eric Beland was one of the first three (3) officers to arrive on scene and worked to keep Doherty alive. Beland thought nothing of the incident and returned to work to assist in the investigation. Beland’s mental well being began to diminish and he had nightmares of Doherty being shot. Beland’s PTSD symptoms caused him to retire from the job after twenty-two (22) years. The author tells of the critical incident that a responding officer arrives on and how PTSD affected that officer.
Holbrook, M. I. (2009). Police officers: The relationship of stoicism to symptoms of PTSD (Order No. 3399313). Available From ProQuest Criminal Justice. (305170229). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/305170229?accountid=28644
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between stoicism and the manifestation of post traumatic symptoms in police. Using three surveys to measure stoicism, social support, and symptoms of post traumatic stress, and with police cadets acting as the no-exposure group and police veterans acting as the exposed group, this investigation helps to refine the extant literature on occupational health problems in police. The survey and demographic data were analyzed using correlational and regression methods. Findings indicated that stoicism was associated with gender but not age and education levels.
Maki, J. (2012, May 25). Retired fireman shares experiences with 9/11 and PTSD. McClatchy -Tribune Business News Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1015721452?accountid=28644
Steve Kanarian is a retired New York Fireman that is now retired. He was an emergency services provided for the FDNY on September 11, 2001. Kanarian never believed in PTSD before that day. Kanarian worked at the site of the World Trade Centers for three (3) straight days and all the rescue workers believed they were going to lift large pieces of metal and find survivors. Maki tells how the whole city and country were stressed because of the attacks on the World Trade Center and across the country. The author tells of how the emergency workers in New York were affected by hundreds of their own dying when the buildings collapsed. This will give insight as to what the affects that 9/11 had on rescue workers and their efforts to locate survivors of their own professons.
Sweeney, A. (2013, Sep 20). Chicago police officer with PTSD struggles to find treatment. McClatchy - Tribune Business News Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1433945460?accountid=28644
Chicago Police officer Brian Warner and his partner had went on a routine call to arrest a panhandler. Warner’s partner searched the man and missed a gun that he had under multiple layers of clothing. The man opened fire on the two officers from the backseat of the squad car. Warner and his partner shot and killed the panhandler. Warner and his partner were debriefed and returned to work. Warner began having nightmares and drinking heavily. Warner was not treated for his PTSD for fifteen months after the incident. The author shows how another big city police department does not recognize that officers suffer psychological issues after critical incidents and they are just placed right back to work.
Post-traumatic stress disorders; burden of full & subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the world trade center disaster. (2012). Mental Health Business Week,5. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020319408?accountid=28644
This study showed that police responders of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center suffered from PTSD. The rate of subsyndromal PTSD was nearly 3 times greater, suggesting that one (1) in five (5) police officers exposed to WTC rescue and recovery have clinically significant WTC-related PTSD symptoms. There is a perceived need for mental health care for these officers/responders.
Post-traumatic stress disorders; stress response predictor in police officers may indicate those at high risk for PTSD. (2011). Psychology & Psychiatry Journal, , 212. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/909432425?accountid=28644
This is a study for potential indicators in determining when people may have stress symptoms in the future. There have been few studies on acute stress and PTSD. The findings of the study may assist professionals in who is at greater risk to suffer from PTSD in the future.